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The big divide in American adults is between those whose parents recognized the need to add reading instruction at home and those who didn't. I was born to and raised by parents who read for pleasure. By the time I began first grade, I could already read. My small town elementary school was a Dick and Jane reader environment with about equal emphasis on phonics. But I mostly understood that before it was part of my class work.

Kids whose parents don't read for pleasure will probably struggle with reading unless they are in the upper couple of quintiles of IQ. Once you are past elementary school and you aren't a competent reader, the opportunity for remediation is so stigmatized there just isn't much chance.

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